AS 7518 - Rolling Stock Suspension

Below is a list of Related Factors that might be addressed by this Product. However the list is not exhaustive and you would need to consult the specific details for each of them.

• 5.1.1.1 Rail corrugations causing excessive trackborne vibration
• 5.1.1.2 Inadequate track structure damping causing excessive trackborne vibration
• 5.1.1.3 Excessive axleloads causing excessive trackborne vibration
• 5.1.1.4 Excessive unsprung mass causing excessive trackborne vibration
• 5.1.1.5 Sparks from rail grinders causing fire
• 5.1.1.6 Sparks from exhausts causing fire
• 5.1.1.7 Sparks from brake equipment causing fire
• 5.1.1.8 Combustible wayside material causing fire
• 5.1.1.9 Wheel skidding causing rough wheel tread condition and excessive rolling wheel/rail noise
• 5.1.1.10 Wheel skidding and wheel flats causing excessive trackborne vibration
• 5.1.1.12 Engine exhaust emissions (excessive pollution)
• 5.1.1.13 Engine exhaust emissions causing excessive greenhouse gas emissions
• 5.1.1.14 Fire causing (excessive pollution)
• 5.1.1.15 Fire caused by rolling stock
• 5.1.1.16 Rough rail head conditions (excessive rolling wheel or rail noise)
• 5.1.1.17 High train speed (excessive rolling wheel or rail noise)
• 5.1.1.18 High train speed causing excessive aerodynamic noise
• 5.1.1.19 Rough wheel tread condition (excessive rolling wheel or rail noise)
• 5.1.1.20 Toilet and other waste water and other deliberate spills (excessive pollution)
• 5.1.1.21 Rolling stock shape causing excessive aerodynamic noise
• 5.1.1.22 Equipment failure causing accidental spills
• 5.1.1.23 Sharp horizontal curve causing excessive curve squeal
• 5.1.1.24 High rail head adhesion causing excessive curve squeal
• 5.1.1.25 Resonant wheel shape causing excessive curve squeal
• 5.1.1.26 Bogies resisting yawing causing excessive curve squeal
• 5.1.1.27 An overfilled tank, as a result of replenishing fluids or gases, causing accidental spills
• 5.1.1.28 A hose or fitting leak, when replenishing fluids or gases, causing accidental spills
• 5.1.1.29 A hose falling out of a tank, when replenishing fluids or gases, causing accidental spills
• 5.1.1.30 Train horn noise causing excessive noise
• 5.1.1.31 Spills during maintenance, overhaul or decommissioning activities, causing accidental spills
• 5.1.1.32 Derailment causing accidental spills
• 5.1.1.33 Collision causing accidental spills
• 5.1.1.34 Load spilling due to inadequate retention or inadequate loading during transit, causing accidental spills
• 5.1.1.35 Pump noise, e.g.. compressors, hydraulic pumps, engines and auxiliaries, causing excessive noise
• 5.1.1.36 Internal combustion engines and auxiliaries causing excessive noise
• 5.1.1.37 External combustion engines and auxiliaries causing excessive noise
• 5.1.1.38 Electrical switching engines and auxiliaries, e.g.. transformers, inverters, causing excessive noise
• 5.1.1.39 Exhaust from engines and auxiliaries causing excessive noise
• 5.1.1.40 Fan engines and auxiliaries causing excessive noise
• 5.1.1.41 Sparks from steam locomotive ash disposal starting fires
• 5.1.1.42 Oil leakage causing pollution
• 5.1.1.43 Steam locomotive ash disposal causing pollution
• 5.1.1.44 Braking causing excessive noise
• 5.1.1.45 Excessive light emittance
• 5.1.1.46 Dust pollution
• 5.1.1.47 Waste and rubbish
• 5.1.1.48 Leaks from A/C and refrigeration equipment creating ozone depleting emissions
• 5.1.1.49 Power station emissions for electric trains contributing to greenhouse gas emissions
• 5.1.1.50 Loads spilt during loading or unloading
• 5.1.1.51 Bulk products spill onto sides of wagons, and loads spilt during transit due to inadequate loading, causing accidental spills
• 5.1.1.52 Sparks from failed axle bearings starting fires
• 5.2.1.1 Track failure
• 5.2.1.2 Track failure causing collisions with a wayside structures
• 5.2.1.3 Derailment
• 5.2.1.4 Derailment causing collisions with a wayside structures
• 5.2.1.5 Fire
• 5.2.1.6 Wayside structures infringing rolling stock kinematic envelopes causing collision with wayside structures
• 5.2.1.7 Out of gauge trains causing collision with wayside structures
• 5.2.1.8 Objects dropping down / falling off trains causing collision with wayside structures
• 5.2.1.9 Mismatched wheel and rail profiles causing excessive rail wear and deterioration
• 5.2.1.10 Mismatched wheel and rail profiles causing Rolling Contact Fatigue resulting in excessive rail wear and deterioration
• 5.2.1.11 Wheel skidding causing excessive rail wear and deterioration
• 5.2.1.12 Rolling stock electrical systems generating the same frequency as an infrastructure system frequency, affecting the communication system and thereby causing EMI
• 5.2.1.13 Rolling stock electrical systems generating the same frequency as an infrastructure system frequency, affecting the signalling system and thereby causing EMI
• 5.2.1.14 Bogies resisting yawing in sharp horizontal curves causing excessive rail wear and deterioration
• 5.2.1.15 Increased traffic causing Rolling Contact Fatigue resulting in excessive rail wear and deterioration
• 5.2.1.16 Increased traffic causing plastic flow resulting in excessive rail wear and deterioration
• 5.2.1.17 Heavier traffic causing Rolling Contact Fatigue resulting in excessive rail wear and deterioration
• 5.2.1.18 Heavier traffic causing plastic flow resulting in excessive rail wear and deterioration
• 5.2.1.19 Harmonics affecting overhead wires causing rolling stock electrical systems to generate the same frequency as an infrastructure system frequency, affecting communication systems and thereby causing EMI
• 5.2.1.20 Harmonics affecting overhead wires causing harm to an overhead power system
• 5.2.1.22 Electric train power consumption being excessive causing trains to draw too much current resulting in harm to overhead power systems
• 5.2.1.23 Too many electric trains on sections causing trains to draw too much current resulting in harm to overhead power systems
• 5.2.1.24 Low overhead voltage causing trains to draw too much current resulting in harm to overhead power systems
• 5.2.1.25 Overloaded trains causing rail burns and resulting in excessive rail wear / deterioration
• 5.2.1.26 Steep grades causing rail burns and resulting in excessive rail wear / deterioration
• 5.2.1.27 Inadequate adhesion causing rail burns and resulting in excessive rail wear / deterioration
• 5.2.1.28 Poor traction control causing rail burns and resulting in excessive rail wear / deterioration
• 5.2.1.29 Locomotives applying excessive traction before all brakes are released on trains causing rail burns and resulting in excessive rail wear / deterioration
• 5.2.1.30 Trains failing to open MCB before neutral sections causing dewirement (harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.31 Failed or missing overhead structures causing dewirement (harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.32 Out of gauge trains causing dewirement (harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.33 Overhead objects causing dewirement (harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.34 Damaged or faulty pan heads causing dewirement (harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.35 Contact wires being misaligned to tracks causing contact wires to run off the edge of pan heads causing dewirement (harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.36 Pan heads being too narrow so that contact wires run off the edge of pan heads causing dewirement (harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.37 Pantograph mechanical failure so that contact wires run off the edge of pan heads causing dewirement (harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.38 Damaged pan carbon causing excessive contact wire wear(harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.39 Pan carbon too hard causing excessive contact wire wear (harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.40 Excessive pan head lift forces causing excessive contact wire wear (harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.41 Track cross levels being inadequate or excessive causing excessive pan head translation or sway which in turn causes contact wires to run off the edge of pan heads resulting in dewirement and harm to overhead power systems
• 5.2.1.42 Bogies' suspension being inadequate causing excessive pan head translation or sway which in turn causes contact wires to run off the edge of pan heads resulting in dewirement (harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.43 Pantographs being located too far from a bogie centre causing excessive pan head translation or sway which in turn causes contact wires to run off the edge of pan heads resulting in dewirement (harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.44 Inadequate pan suspension causing excessive arcing at the pan / wire interface causing excessive contact wire wear and(harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.45 Inadequate contact wire tension causing excessive arcing at the pan / wire interface causing excessive contact wire wear(harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.46 Inadequate pan head lift force causing excessive arcing at the pan / wire interface causing excessive contact wire wear(harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.47 Hot exhaust emissions weakening contact wires causing dewirement and harm to overhead power system resulting in harm to infrastructure by rolling stock
• 5.2.1.48 Overspeed causing excessive pan head translation or sway so that contact wires run off the edge of pan heads resulting in dewirement (harm to overhead power systems)
• 5.2.1.49 Wheel flange being too high and damaging infrastructure e.g.. fishplates & bolts, axle counters, crossing flangeways
• 5.2.1.50 Hunting causing excessive rail wear / deterioration
• 5.2.1.51 Wheels being mounted too wide or too narrow (Excessive rail wear / deterioration)
• 5.2.1.52 Wheels being mounted too wide or too narrow causing Rolling Contact Fatigue (Excessive rail wear / deterioration)
• 5.2.1.53 Speed of trains in a curve being too far below balance speed causing plastic flow (Excessive rail wear / deterioration)
• 5.2.1.54 Smaller diameter wheels causing Rolling Contact Fatigue(Excessive rail wear / deterioration)
• 5.2.1.55 Smaller diameter wheels causing plastic flow (Excessive rail wear / deterioration)
• 5.2.1.56 Hollow worn wheels causing Rolling Contact Fatigue (Excessive rail wear / deterioration)
• 5.2.1.57 Hollow worn wheels causing plastic flow (Excessive rail wear / deterioration)
• 5.2.1.58 Higher primary suspension yaw stiffness causing Rolling Contact Fatigue (Excessive rail wear / deterioration)
• 5.2.1.59 Higher traction or braking forces (Excessive rail wear / deterioration)
• 5.2.1.60 Higher traction or braking forces causing Rolling Contact Fatigue (Excessive rail wear / deterioration)
• 5.4.1.1 Path infringements
• 5.4.1.2 Derailment
• 5.4.1.3 Inadequate rolling stock maintenance or overhaul
• 5.4.1.4 Inadequate rolling stock maintenance or overhaul causing excessive wear and tear
• 5.4.1.5 Inadequate couplers, draft gear or structure strength which are unable to withstand train forces
• 5.4.1.6 Poor fuel quality causing excessive engine wear
• 5.4.1.7 Poor driving technique causing excessive engine wear
• 5.4.1.8 Poor driving technique causing excessive draft gear and coupler wear
• 5.4.1.9 Poor driving technique causing excessive structural fatigue
• 5.4.1.10 Poor driving technique causing excessive damage to loads
• 5.4.1.11 Overloading causing excessive Draft gear and coupler wear
• 5.4.1.12 Overloading causing excessive Structural fatigue
• 5.4.1.13 Overloading causing excessive Suspension wear
• 5.4.1.14 Poor track quality causing excessive damage to loads
• 5.4.1.15 Poor track quality causing excessive structural fatigue
• 5.4.1.16 Poor track quality causing excessive suspension wear
• 5.4.1.17 Poor track quality causing excessive wheel wear
• 5.4.1.18 Explosion
• 5.4.1.19 Explosion as a result of a malicious act
• 5.4.1.20 Fire
• 5.4.1.21 Fire as a result of a malicious act
• 5.4.1.22 Graffiti as a result of a malicious act
• 5.4.1.23 Cutting or scratching of surfaces as a result of a malicious act
• 5.4.1.24 Cutting or scratching of surfaces causing excessive wear and tear
• 5.4.1.25 Spilled corrosive waste products
• 5.4.1.26 Poor cleaning practices causing excessive corrosion
• 5.4.1.27 Corrosive freight products causing excessive corrosion
• 5.4.1.28 Damaged brake equipment as a result of maliciously tampering with equipment
• 5.4.1.29 Damaged coupling equipment as a result of maliciously tampering with equipment
• 5.4.1.30 Unsealed steel crevices from poor design and manufacture resulting in excessive corrosion
• 5.4.1.31 Undrained areas from poor design and manufacture resulting in excessive corrosion
• 5.4.1.32 Contact of incompatible materials from poor design and manufacture resulting in excessive corrosion
• 5.4.1.33 Inadequate protective coating from poor design and manufacture resulting in excessive corrosion
• 5.4.1.34 Inadequate lifting equipment such that rolling stock is unable to jacked up or lifted without damage
• 5.4.1.35 Inadequate jacking / lifting points such that rolling stock is unable to jacked up or lifted without damage
• 5.4.1.36 Inadequate structure strength -such that rolling stock is unable to jacked up or lifted without damage
• 5.4.1.37 Poor lifting technique such that rolling stock is unable to jacked up or lifted without damage
• 5.4.1.38 EMI
• 5.4.1.39 Dewirement as a result of harm by overhead
• 5.4.1.40 Overhead voltage being too low as a result of harm by overhead
• 5.4.1.41 Pan bounce and arcing causing poor contact wire vertical alignment resulting in excessive wear and tear
• 5.4.1.42 Pan bounce and arcing causing poor contact wire vertical alignment
• 5.4.1.43 Harmonics from overhead voltage being too high
• 5.4.1.44 Excessive regenerative power input from overhead voltage being too high
• 5.4.1.45 Lightning strike from overhead voltage being too high
• 5.4.1.46 Operating in a fault condition causing excessive wear and tear
• 5.4.1.47 Mismatched wheel and rail profiles causing excessive wheel wear
• 5.4.1.48 Misaligned axles causing excessive wheel wear
• 5.4.1.49 Hunting causing excessive wheel wear
• 5.4.1.50 Hunting causing excessive suspension wear
• 5.4.1.51 Hunting causing excessive structural fatigue
• 5.4.1.52 Hunting causing excessive damage to loads
• 5.4.1.53 Bogies resisting yawing causing excessive wheel wear
• 5.4.1.54 Excessive diameter difference between wheels on an axles causing excessive wheel wear
• 5.4.1.55 Misaligned wheels or bearings causing excessive wheel wear
• 5.4.1.56 Inadequate packing and restraint of loads causing excessive damage to loads
• 5.4.1.57 Inadequate suspension causing excessive damage to loads
• 5.4.1.58 Inadequate rolling stock design
• 5.4.1.59 Inadequate rolling stock construction
• 5.4.1.60 Inadequate rolling stock pre-service testing and commissioning
• 5.4.1.61 Inadequate rolling stock in-service testing
• 5.4.1.62 Inadequate rolling stock modification
• 5.4.1.63 Unbalanced loads thus being unable to jack or lift rolling stock without damage
• 5.4.1.64 Jacking on an uneven area and thus being unable to jack or lift rolling stock without damage
• 5.4.1.65 High longitudinal in-train forces causing excessive draft gear and coupler wear
• 5.4.1.66 High braking duty causing excessive wheel wear
• 5.9.1.1 Train protection system failure
• 5.9.1.2 Network control error
• 5.9.1.3 Brakes being inadequate when stationary
• 5.9.1.4 Brakes being inadequate when moving
• 5.9.1.5 Lack of route knowledge when the driver ‘ignores’ signals
• 5.9.1.6 Lack of route knowledge resulting in the driver looking at wrong signals, effectively the driver ‘ignores’ signals
• 5.9.1.7 Wayside signal failure
• 5.9.1.8 In-cab signal failure
• 5.9.1.9 High tyre to tyre electrical resistance causing loss of signal detection so that trains are not detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.10 Failure in wayside detection equipment so that trains are not detected (Signal failure and SPAD)
• 5.9.1.11 The driver is distracted and effectively ‘ignores’ the signal
• 5.9.1.12 The driver fatigue and effectively ‘ignores’ the signal
• 5.9.1.13 The driver is capitated and effectively ‘ignores’ the signal
• 5.9.1.14 The driver looks at wrong signals and effectively ‘ignores’ the signal
• 5.9.1.15 Poorly located signals causing the driver to and effectively ‘ignore’ the signal
• 5.9.1.16 Axleloads are too low causing high wheel to rail electrical resistance resulting in the loss of signal detection so that trains are not detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.17 Contaminated tread surface leading to high wheel to rail electrical resistance resulting in the loss of signal detection so that trains are not detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.18 Signals are positioned for driving from the other side of cabs creating poor visibility from cabs so that the driver effectively ‘ignores’ signals
• 5.9.1.19 Poor cab vision so that the driver effectively ‘ignores’ signals
• 5.9.1.20 Signalling detection being affected by EMI from rolling stock electrical equipment so that trains are not detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.21 Overspeed resulting in trains not being detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.22 Wheels being too small to trigger axle counters resulting in trains not being detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.23 Bogie or underframe equipment being too low and mis-triggering axle counters resulting in trains not being detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.24 Glazing affecting the signal colour perceived causing the driver to incorrectly interpret signals so that the driver effectively ‘ignores’ signals
• 5.9.1.25 Poor driver eyesight causing the driver to incorrectly interpret signals so that the driver effectively ‘ignores’ signals
• 5.9.1.26 Inadequate driver training causing the driver to incorrectly interpret signals so that the driver effectively ‘ignores’ signals
• 5.9.1.27 Glare, causing the driver to incorrectly interpret signals so that the driver effectively ‘ignores’ signals
• 5.9.1.28 Bogie axle spacings being too short for axle counter detection at speed so that axle spacing is not compatible with detection system resulting in trains not being detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.29 Vehicle extremity axle spacing is less than maximum “dead” section length so that axle spacing is not compatible with detection system resulting in trains not being detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.30 Vehicle extremity axle spacing exceeds the minimum track circuit length so that axle spacing is not compatible with detection system resulting in trains not being detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.31 Bulk product spills causing contaminated rail head surfaces leading to high wheel to rail electrical resistance resulting in the loss of signal detection so that trains are not detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.32 Excessive sanding causing contaminated rail head surfaces leading to high wheel to rail electrical resistance resulting in the loss of signal detection so that trains are not detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.33 Rusty rails causing contaminated rail head surfaces leading to high wheel to rail electrical resistance resulting in the loss of signal detection so that trains are not detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.34 Animal or vegetable matter (e.g.. millipedes, leaves) causing contaminated rail head surfaces leading to high wheel to rail electrical resistance resulting in the loss of signal detection so that trains are not detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.35 Fluid leaks - causing contaminated rail head surfaces leading to high wheel to rail electrical resistance resulting in the loss of signal detection so that trains are not detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.36 Brake block material /residue is electrically insulating causing contaminated rail head surfaces leading to high wheel to rail electrical resistance resulting in the loss of signal detection so that trains are not detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.37 Brake block material /residue is electrically insulating causing contaminated rail tread surfaces leading to high wheel to rail electrical resistance resulting in the loss of signal detection so that trains are not detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.38 Sunlight affects signal colours causing the driver to incorrectly interpret signals so that the driver effectively ‘ignores’ signals
• 5.9.1.39 Brakes being applied too little or too late
• 5.9.1.40 Wheelsets track differently to typical trains causing contaminated rail head surfaces leading to high wheel to rail electrical resistance resulting in the loss of signal detection so that trains are not detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.41 Non-standard wheel profile causing contaminated rail head surfaces leading to high wheel to rail electrical resistance resulting in the loss of signal detection so that trains are not detected (Signal failure)
• 5.9.1.42 Wheel material being unsuitable for triggering axle counters so that trains are not detected
• 5.19.1.1 Excessive dynamic longitudinal train forces
• 5.19.1.2 Hunting
• 5.19.1.3 Bogie failure
• 5.19.1.4 Object on track
• 5.19.1.5 Collision
• 5.19.1.6 Track failure
• 5.19.1.7 Driver / shunter error at derailers
• 5.19.1.8 Cant ramps being too steep or excessive superimposed dips causing derailment at curve transitions
• 5.19.1.9 Wheels unloading due to suspension being too stiff vertically causing derailment at curve transitions
• 5.19.1.10 Road surfaces at level crossings being too high causing track irregularities
• 5.19.1.11 Track ballast being piled too high causing track irregularities
• 5.19.1.12 Coupler vertical or horizontal movement allowances being inadequate causing horizontal or vertical track curvature
• 5.19.1.13 Bogies' horizontal or vertical movement allowances being inadequate causing horizontal or vertical track curvature
• 5.19.1.14 Horizontal or vertical track curvature being too sharp causing horizontal or vertical track curvature
• 5.19.1.15 Vehicle's bodies being too stiff torsionally causing derailment at curve transitions
• 5.19.1.16 Insufficient clearance at side bearers causing derailment at curve transitions
• 5.19.1.17 Track condition monitoring systems being unable to detect resonant inducing irregularities causing cyclic top irregularities resulting in lateral rolling of vehicles (Track irregularity)
• 5.19.1.18 Track condition monitoring systems being unable to detect resonant inducing irregularities causing cyclic top irregularities resulting in lateral rolling of vehicles (Track irregularity)
• 5.19.1.19 Road vehicles damaging tracks at level crossings (Track irregularity)
• 5.19.1.20 Inadequate suspension causing cyclic top irregularities resulting in lateral rolling of vehicles (Track irregularity)
• 5.19.1.21 Inadequate suspension causing cyclic top irregularities resulting in bogie or body pitching / bouncing (Track irregularity)
• 5.19.1.22 Inadequate suspension causing an isolated track irregularity (Track irregularity)
• 5.19.1.23 Wheel climb of low axle load rolling stock through trailable facing points or spring wing crossings (Derail at turnout)
• 5.19.1.24 Square top wheel flanges climb on damaged points blades (Derail at turnout)
• 5.19.1.25 Turnouts remotely operated under undetectable rolling stock (Derail at turnout)
• 5.19.1.26 Turnouts being faulty (Derail at turnout)
• 5.19.1.27 Turnouts being operated incorrectly (Derail at turnout)
• 5.19.1.28 Hollows worn in tread on locked-up wheels (Derail at turnout)
• 5.19.1.29 Thin wheel flanges splitting points (Derail at turnout)
• 5.19.1.30 Bogies resisting yawing (Derail at turnout)
• 5.19.1.31 Bogies resisting yawing causing a derailment at curve transitions
• 5.19.1.32 Thin flanges and narrow wheel back-to-back dimensions (Derail at turnout)
• 5.19.1.33 Vehicles with long overhang being coupled to vehicles with short overhang creating Quasi-static train forces
• 5.19.1.34 Large difference in coupling heights creating Quasi-static train forces
• 5.19.1.35 Wheelsets being excessively unbalanced resulting in bogie unbalance causing wheel unloading
• 5.19.1.36 Axles on a bogie not being parallel thus bogie geometry causing wheel climb or unloading
• 5.19.1.37 Wheels being out of round thus bogie geometry causing wheel climb or unloading
• 5.19.1.38 Wheels not being the same size on a wheelset thus bogie geometry causing wheel climb or unloading
• 5.19.1.39 Trains or carriages being loaded to one end resulting in vehicle unbalance causing wheel unloading or overturning
• 5.19.1.40 Bound spigots / twistlocks when removing containers (When loading or unloading)
• 5.19.1.41 Vehicles being insufficiently restrained in tippler devices (When loading or unloading)
• 5.19.1.42 Containers on one end of multi-slot wagons being loaded to one end resulting in vehicle unbalance causing wheel unloading or overturning
• 5.19.1.43 Rail guidance wheels being too high on road-rail vehicles thus bogie geometry causing wheel climb or unloading
• 5.19.1.44 Vehicles overturning
• 5.19.1.45 Vehicles overturning because they are loaded to one side resulting in vehicle unbalance causing wheel unloading or overturning
• 5.19.1.46 Geometrical defect on flange causing wheel climb - Derail at turnout
• 5.19.1.47 Light or empty wagons in front of loaded wagons
• 5.23.1.1 Track failure at interface to ‘stiff’ structures e.g. bridge ends
• 5.23.1.2 Foundation subsidence e.g. clay holes
• 5.23.1.3 Weather related damage e.g. flooding
• 5.23.1.4 Earthquake damage
• 5.23.1.5 Failed / missing / inadequate rail supports (Rail overturning)
• 5.23.1.6 Failed / missing / inadequate rail supports (Gauge spread)
• 5.23.1.7 Back to back wheel dimensions being too wide (Gauge spread)
• 5.23.1.8 Hunting (Gauge spread)
• 5.23.1.9 Hunting (Lateral panel shift)
• 5.23.1.10 Excessive axle loads (Bridge failure )
• 5.23.1.11 Excessive axle loads (Cracked or bent rail)
• 5.23.1.12 Excessive axle loads (Failed / cracked sleepers)
• 5.23.1.13 Excessive axle loads (Rail overturning)
• 5.23.1.14 Previous derailments (Cracked or bent rail)
• 5.23.1.15 Previous derailments (Failed / cracked sleepers)
• 5.23.1.16 Excessive tonnages (Cracked or bent rail))l
• 5.23.1.17 Excessive tonnages (Failed / cracked sleepers)
• 5.23.1.18 Excessive applied cant (Rail overturning)
• 5.23.1.19 Excessive wheelset lateral restraint on multi-axle designs (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Gauge spread)
• 5.23.1.20 Excessive wheelset lateral restraint on multi-axle designs (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Lateral panel shift)
• 5.23.1.21 Excessive wheelset lateral restraint on multi-axle designs (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Rail overturning)
• 5.23.1.22 High unsprung mass (Bridge failure)
• 5.23.1.23 High unsprung mass (Excessive P2 forces - Cracked or bent rail)
• 5.23.1.24 High unsprung mass (Excessive P2 forces - Failed / cracked sleepers)
• 5.23.1.25 Stiff longitudinal primary suspension (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Gauge spread)
• 5.23.1.26 Stiff longitudinal primary suspension (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Lateral panel shift)
• 5.23.1.27 Stiff longitudinal primary suspension (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Rail overturning)
• 5.23.1.28 Bogies resisting yawing (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Gauge spread)
• 5.23.1.29 Bogies resisting yawing (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Rail overturning)
• 5.23.1.30 Bogies resisting yawing (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Lateral panel shift)
• 5.23.1.31 Overspeed (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Gauge spread)
• 5.23.1.32 Overspeed (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Rail overturning)
• 5.23.1.33 Overspeed (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Lateral panel shift)
• 5.23.1.34 Long overhanging couplers (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Gauge spread)
• 5.23.1.35 Long overhanging couplers (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Rail overturning)
• 5.23.1.36 Long overhanging couplers (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Lateral panel shift)
• 5.23.1.37 Excessive dynamic longitudinal train forces (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Gauge spread)
• 5.23.1.38 Excessive dynamic longitudinal train forces (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Rail overturning)
• 5.23.1.39 Excessive dynamic longitudinal train forces (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Lateral panel shift )
• 5.23.1.40 Wheels skidding creating flat wheels (Cracked or bent rail)
• 5.23.1.41 Wheels skidding creating flat wheels (Failed / cracked sleepers)
• 5.23.1.42 Track failure caused by scaled wheels
• 5.23.1.43 Poor lateral track restraint (Lateral panel shift)
• 5.23.1.44 High ambient temperatures (Rail neutral temperature too low - Lateral panel shift)
• 5.23.1.45 Check rails being hit by middle wheels in multi-axle designs (Rail overturning)
• 5.23.1.46 Infrastructure maintenance vehicle damages rail when working
• 5.23.1.47 Lateral suspension being too soft and vehicles hitting solid bump stops (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Gauge spread)
• 5.23.1.48 Lateral suspension being too soft and vehicles hitting solid bump stops (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Rail overturning)
• 5.23.1.49 Lateral suspension being too soft and vehicles hitting solid bump stops (Curving forces (static & dynamic) - Lateral panel shift)
• 5.23.1.50 High traction or braking forces (Rail or sleeper movement)
• 5.24.1.1 Failed or too stiff secondary suspension on bolsterless bogies
• 5.24.1.2 Bound yaw dampers
• 5.24.1.3 Bogies hitting underframe equipment
• 5.24.1.4 Excessive preload on constant contact sidebearers due to side bearers being incorrectly set up
• 5.24.1.5 Insufficient clearance due to side bearers being incorrectly set up
• 5.24.1.6 Insufficient lubrication causing excessive friction at bogie pivot point
• 5.24.1.7 Wear causing binding resulting in excessive friction at bogie pivot point
• 5.24.1.8 Centreplate wear liner failure causing excessive friction at bogie pivot point
• 5.24.1.9 Freight bogies pop out of centreplates due to train compressive forces and excessive diameter difference between bogies' wheelsets causing excessive friction at bogie pivot point
• 5.24.1.10 Axles on bogies angled or sheared relative to each other (Bogies resist yawing)
• 5.24.1.11 Bogie bolster pivot laterally off-centre
• 5.24.1.12 Steering bogies being incorrectly set up
• 5.25.1.1 Wheelset failure
• 5.25.1.2 Inadequate maintenance (Spring failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.3 Inadequate maintenance (Damper failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.4 Inadequate bogie design (Frame cracking or bending - Frame failure)
• 5.25.1.5 Inadequate bogie frame manufacture (Frame cracking or bending - Frame failure)
• 5.25.1.6 Axlebox clearance not being maintained (Frame cracking or bending - Frame failure)
• 5.25.1.7 Out of round wheels -(Frame cracking or bending - Frame failure)
• 5.25.1.8 Out of round wheels (Spring failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.9 Out of balance wheelsets (Frame cracking or bending - Frame failure)
• 5.25.1.10 Out of balance wheelsets (Spring failure - Suspension)
• 5.25.1.11 Corrosion (Frame cracking or bending - Frame failure)
• 5.25.1.12 Corrosion (Spring failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.13 Track conditions worse than bogies have been designed for (Frame cracking or bending - Frame failure)
• 5.25.1.14 Overloaded rolling stock (Frame cracking or bending - Frame failure)
• 5.25.1.15 Overloaded rolling stock (Spring failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.16 Track conditions worse than the suspension has been designed for (Spring failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.17 Track conditions worse than the suspension has been designed for (Damper failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.18 Excessive spring settlement or creep (Spring failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.19 Heat from axlebox bearing failure (hotbox) (Spring failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.20 Springs going solid (Spring failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.21 Fatigue cracking failure (Spring failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.22 Burst airbags (Spring failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.23 Derailment or impact damage (Frame cracking or bending - Frame failure)
• 5.25.1.24 Derailment or impact damage (Spring failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.25 Derailment or impact damage (Damper failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.26 Inadequate design or manufacture (Spring failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.27 Inadequate design or manufacture (Damper failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.28 Excessive difference in wheelset diameters across a 3-piece freight bogie (Damper failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.29 Timber decay on heritage bogies (Frame cracking or bending - Frame failure)
• 5.25.1.30 Degraded or missing components (Spring failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.25.1.31 Degraded or missing components (Damper failure - Suspension failure)
• 5.27.1.1 Bogies operated at greater than rated speed
• 5.27.1.2 Excess play in bogie
• 5.27.1.3 Bogie design inadequate
• 5.27.1.4 Poor alignment of road-rail vehicle rail guidance wheels
• 5.27.1.5 No damping features (Inadequate bogie yaw damping)
• 5.27.1.6 Excessive wear or insufficient preload on constant contact side bearers causing a faulty damping feature (Inadequate bogie yaw damping)
• 5.27.1.7 Faulty hydraulic yaw dampers causing a faulty damping feature (Inadequate bogie yaw damping)
• 5.27.1.8 Track gauges being too tight making wheel to rail conicity too high
• 5.27.1.9 Wheels being mounted too wide making wheel to rail conicity too high
• 5.27.1.20 High conicity wheel to rail profiles making wheel to rail conicity too high
• 5.29.1.1 Road vehicles and / or loads falling onto tracks from overpasses or adjacent roadways
• 5.29.1.2 Objects left from track maintenance activities
• 5.29.1.3 Bulk products at loading or unloading facilities
• 5.29.1.4 Objects being placed on track as deliberate malicious acts
• 5.29.1.5 Landslides
• 5.29.1.6 Livestock or other large animals
• 5.29.1.7 Level crossing collisions
• 5.29.1.8 Water being on tracks due to flooding
• 5.29.1.9 Rolling stock (Objects blown over by wind)
• 5.29.1.10 Trees (Objects blown over by wind)
• 5.29.1.11 Wayside structures (Objects blown over by wind)
• 5.29.1.12 Equipment falling due to excessive wear such that equipment wears through or drops out of supports due to extra movement (Rolling stock equipment - Object drops down / falls off a train)
• 5.29.1.13 Mounts failing due to previous derailment or impact with object on track - Rolling stock equipment - Object drops down / falls off a train
• 5.29.1.14 Mounts or components failing due to fatigue (Rolling stock equipment - Object drops down / falls off a train)
• 5.29.1.15 Loads not being properly restrained - (Load - Object drops down / falls off a train)
• 5.29.1.16 Mount fasteners not being tightened properly (Rolling stock equipment - Object drops down / falls off a train)
• 5.29.1.17 Excessive braking or shunting forces (Object drops down / falls off a train)
• 5.31.1.1 Rolling stock not being tested or verified for gauge compliance
• 5.31.1.2 Poorly restrained loads
• 5.31.1.3 Rolling stock operating on incorrect / forbidden routes
• 5.31.1.4 Tilt system failure (Critical component failure)
• 5.31.1.5 Tilt system failure resulting in excessive sway
• 5.31.1.6 Bogie failure (Critical component failure)
• 5.31.1.7 Containers being too high (Rolling stock too high)
• 5.31.1.8 Double-stacked containers - (Rolling stock too high)
• 5.31.1.9 Hungry boards being fitted (Rolling stock too high)
• 5.31.1.10 Bogies being too tall (Rolling stock too high)
• 5.31.1.11 Wide loads on flat wagons (Rolling stock too wide)
• 5.31.1.12 Being overloaded resulting in excessive sway
• 5.31.1.13 Rear-view mirrors extended too far (Rolling stock too wide)
• 5.31.1.14 High cross wind resulting in excessive sway
• 5.31.1.15 Pressure pulse from passing (high speed) trains resulting in excessive sway
• 5.31.1.16 Pantographs not dropped at breaks in the catenary e.g.. loadouts (Rolling stock too high)
• 5.31.1.17 Bulk products being loaded too high (Rolling stock too high)
• 5.31.1.18 High loads on flat wagons (Rolling stock too high)
• 5.31.1.19 Outward hinging doors (Poorly restrained equipment)
• 5.31.1.20 Equipment hatches (Poorly restrained equipment)
• 5.31.1.21 Extendable doorway treadplates, steps and ladders (Poorly restrained equipment)
• 5.31.1.22 Infrastructure maintenance vehicles not being properly packed up for travel (Poorly restrained equipment)
• 5.31.1.23 Infrastructure maintenance vehicles not being properly packed up for travel (Rolling stock too high)
• 5.31.1.24 Conveyors, plows etc. on track machines (Plant - Poorly restrained equipment)
• 5.31.1.25 Crane jibs (Plant - Poorly restrained equipment)
• 5.31.1.26 Inadequate suspension causing cyclic top irregularities resulting in sway of vehicles (Excessive sway)
• 5.31.1.27 Inadequate suspension causing cyclic top irregularities resulting in bogie or body pitching / bouncing (Rolling stock too high)
• 5.31.1.28 Track condition monitoring systems being unable to detect resonant inducing irregularities causing cyclic top irregularities resulting in sway of vehicles (Excessive sway)
• 5.31.1.29 Track condition monitoring systems being unable to detect resonant inducing irregularities causing cyclic top irregularities resulting in bogie or body pitching / bouncing (Rolling stock too high )
• 5.31.1.30 Cowcatchers not being adjusted for adequate rail clearance (Rolling stock too low)
• 5.31.1.31 Bogies not being fitted correctly (Underframe misaligned to bogie centre)
• 5.31.1.32 Fully / over worn wheels (Rolling stock too low)
• 5.31.1.33 Being overloaded (Rolling stock too low)
• 5.31.1.34 Spring failure (Rolling stock too low)
• 5.31.1.35 Cyclic top irregularities resulting in bogie or body pitching / bouncing causing underframes to jump out of bogie centres (Underframe misaligned to bogie centre)
• 5.31.1.36 Inadequate body to bogie vertical restraint causing underframes to jump out of bogie centre (Underframe misaligned to bogie centre)
• 5.31.1.37 Being loaded at only one end causing underframes to jump out of bogie centre (Underframe misaligned to bogie centre)
• 5.31.1.38 Excessive dynamic longitudinal train forces causing underframes to jump out of bogie centre (Underframe misaligned to bogie centre)
• 5.31.1.39 Inadequate outline assessment
• 5.31.1.40 Tripgear not being raised outside defined areas of usage.
• 5.31.1.41 Failed brake equipment (Poorly restrained equipment)
• 5.43.1.1 Explosive devices placed on trains
• 5.43.1.2 Electrical shorts inside fuel tanks or transformers causing sparking (Sparking)
• 5.43.1.3 Leaking fuel lines or tanks within proximity of sparks (Sparking)
• 5.43.1.4 Leaking fuel lines or tanks (Component failure)
• 5.43.1.5 Leaking storage systems (Close proximity of incompatible substances - Transport of dangerous goods)
• 5.43.1.6 Safety device failure e.g.. thermostat, pressure relief valve (Burst pressure vessel - Component failure)
• 5.43.1.7 Safety device failure e.g.. thermostat, pressure relief valve ((Traction) capacitor failure - Component failure)
• 5.43.1.8 Vessel failure (Burst pressure vessel - Component failure)
• 5.43.1.9 Fertilizer when transporting large quantities of potentially explosive / volatile / high energy sources (Transport of dangerous goods)
• 5.43.1.10 Rail tank cars containing fuel, LPG etc. when transporting large quantities of potentially explosive / volatile / high energy sources (Transport of dangerous goods)
• 5.43.1.11 Covered coal or grain wagons in conjunction with hot work inside enclosed rolling stock (Spark in explosive atmosphere - Sparking)
• 5.43.1.12 Rail tank cars being the location of hot work inside enclosed rolling stock (Spark in explosive atmosphere - Sparking)
• 5.43.1.13 Engine room being the location of hot work inside enclosed rolling stock (Spark in explosive atmosphere - Sparking)
• 5.43.1.14 Fuel tanks being the location of hot work - on the outside of tanks (Spark in explosive atmosphere - Sparking)
• 5.43.1.15 Rail tank cars being the location of hot work - on the outside of tanks (Spark in explosive atmosphere - Sparking)
• 5.43.1.16 Audible Track Warning Devices
• 5.46.1.1 Insufficient applied cant (Excessive lateral acceleration)
• 5.46.1.2 Inadequate suspension (Excessive vertical acceleration)
• 5.46.1.3 Sharp vertical curves (Excessive vertical acceleration)
• 5.46.1.4 Large vertical changes in track height (Excessive vertical acceleration)
• 5.46.1.5 Inadequate rolling stock structure stiffness (Excessive vertical acceleration)
• 5.46.1.6 Inadequate suspension (Excessive lateral acceleration)
• 5.46.1.7 Poor track alignment (Excessive lateral acceleration)
• 5.46.1.8 Overspeed (Excessive lateral acceleration)
• 5.46.1.9 Excessive dynamic longitudinal train forces (Excessive longitudinal acceleration)
• 5.46.1.10 Traction system faults (Excessive longitudinal acceleration)
• 5.46.1.11 Poor driving techniques (Excessive longitudinal acceleration)
• 5.46.1.12 Poor driving techniques resulting in excessive braking rates (Excessive longitudinal acceleration)
• 5.46.1.13 Uncommanded full service or emergency brake application resulting in excessive braking rates (Excessive longitudinal acceleration)
• 5.46.1.14 Large body structure crush initiation forces causing large crash pulses (Excessive longitudinal acceleration)
• 5.46.1.15 Brake systems being faulty resulting in excessive braking rates (Excessive longitudinal acceleration)
• 5.46.1.16 Brake controllers being accidentally knocked/applied into a higher braking rate position resulting in excessive braking rate (Excessive longitudinal acceleration)